Joshua
Jos 1:11 After
[ par. 1 2 ]
Jos 1:11 [1] The greatest type in the Old Testament is the history of the people of Israel, who typify the church, composed of the New Testament believers as God’s elect (1 Cor. 10:1-13). Coming after the five books of the law, the books of Moses, Joshua is the first book of the twelve books of Israel’s history, from Joshua to Esther. The twelve books of history are not concerned merely with history; they are a part of the divine revelation concerning God’s eternal economy, which concerns Christ as the embodiment of God and the church as the organic Body of Christ for the consummating of the New Jerusalem. The intrinsic revelation of the books of history in the Old Testament is to unveil to us how the eternal economy of God is carried out by His elect on the earth. The eternal economy of God is altogether concerning Christ and for Christ, mainly in the person of Christ and the kingdom of Christ. Regarding the person of Christ, the record of history in the Old Testament keeps a line of the genealogy of Christ for His coming through incarnation to be a man. Regarding the kingdom of Christ, the Old Testament history maintains a line on the kingdom of God for Christ to establish His divine kingdom on the earth. These two items form the governing line of the divine revelation in the books of the history of Israel.
Jos 1:11 [2] To take possession of God’s promised land for Christ and to provide the proper persons to bring forth Christ into the human race are the spirit, the intrinsic significance, of the section of the Old Testament history in the three books of Joshua, Judges, and Ruth. In the book of Joshua the central thought is that God intended to fulfill the promise concerning the good land that Israel might have a place to carry out God’s economy, especially to keep the line of bringing in Christ to the earth through His incarnation.
Jos 1:1a servant Exo. 14:31; Num. 12:7; Deut. 34:5; Josh. 1:13, 15; Heb. 3:5
Jos 1:12b Joshua Exo. 24:13; Deut. 1:38
[ par. 1 2 ]
Jos 1:12 [1] Meaning Jehovah the Savior, or the salvation of Jehovah. The Greek form of the name is Jesus (see note 211 in Matt. 1). Joshua was the writer of this book. Through Moses God brought Israel as a people out of Egypt and through the wilderness to the border of the good land. After Moses, Joshua led the children of Israel to enter the God-promised land and to take it, possess it, allot it, and enjoy it.
Jos 1:12 [2] Joshua typifies Christ and also grace (Christ) replacing the law (Moses) (John 1:17). It was when Moses the lawgiver died that Joshua came in (v. 2) to bring the people into the good land (v. 6), typifying the Lord Jesus bringing the people of God into rest, into the enjoyment of the all-inclusive Christ (Heb. 4:8) as all the blessings ordained by God (Eph. 1:3-14). Christ has brought us into the good land, has taken possession of the land for us, and has allotted the land to us as our inheritance for our enjoyment. Christ has gained the good land for us, and eventually He is the good land for us to enjoy (see note 71 in Deut. 8).
Jos 1:21 land
God’s charge to Joshua was that he should enter into God’s promised land. The land of Canaan with all its riches typifies the God-given Christ with all His unsearchable riches (Eph. 3:8; Col. 1:12-13). For the carrying out of His economy, God needs a people and a land (see note 31 in Gen. 15). For Christ’s person in God’s economy, there is the need of a people to be His genealogy to bring Him into humanity. For Christ’s kingdom, there is the need of a land. Although the earth was created by God, it has been usurped by Satan. Thus, God uses His people to gain a part of the Satan-usurped earth to serve as a base for Him to set up His kingdom.
Jos 1:3a Every vv. 3-5: Deut. 11:24-25
Jos 1:31b treads Josh. 14:9
On the one hand, God had given Israel the good land; on the other hand, Israel still needed to take the land by rising up to fulfill God’s commission (cf. Phil. 3:7-16). In order for God to regain the earth from the usurping hand of Satan, God’s people needed to be in full cooperation and coordination with God as in the principle of incarnation (see note 402 in 1 Cor. 7). They needed to sacrifice themselves, deny themselves, give up their own interest and preference in all things, put their full trust in the moving and operating God, and risk their lives for the carrying out of God’s eternal economy.
Jos 1:4a river Gen. 15:18; Exo. 23:31; Rev. 9:14
Jos 1:41 Great
I.e., the Mediterranean Sea. So throughout the book. See note 241 in Deut. 11.
Jos 1:5a with Exo. 3:12; Deut. 31:8, 23; Josh. 1:9, 17; 3:7; 6:27; Acts 18:10
Jos 1:5b I Deut. 4:31; 31:6; 1 Chron. 28:20; Heb. 13:5
Jos 1:6a Be Deut. 31:6-7; Josh. 1:7, 9, 18; Eph. 6:10
Jos 1:81a muse Psa. 119:23, 48, 148
Joshua was to be occupied with God’s word and to let the word occupy him (cf. Col. 3:16). By being occupied and filled with the word, he would have prosperity and success in taking the God-promised good land. See note 151 in Psa. 119.
Jos 1:9b do Josh. 8:1; 10:25; 1 Chron. 22:13; 28:20; 2 Chron. 32:7
Jos 1:11a cross Deut. 9:1; 11:31; 12:10; Josh. 1:2
Jos 1:121 Reubenites
The charge in vv. 12-15 to the Reubenites, the Gadites, and the half-tribe of Manasseh was a reminder of Moses’ word in Num. 32. This charge indicates that the possessing and enjoying of God’s promised land was a corporate matter among all God’s chosen people, requiring all God’s elect to rise up, fight for the land and for one another, and gain and possess the land so that everyone would be able to enter into his particular portion and be at rest (cf. Eph. 3:17-19).
Jos 1:13a Jehovah Deut. 3:18-20; Num. 32:20-30
Jos 1:14a battle Josh. 4:12; 6:7, 9, 13
Jos 1:171 you
The children of Israel agreed with Joshua in taking God’s commission. Their response implied their willingness, their readiness, and their being in one accord not only with Joshua but also with Jehovah their God, as expressed by their blessing Joshua in the name of their God. They were one with the Triune God in the move of His economy for the purpose of gaining the good land.
Jos 2:1a spies cf. Num. 13:17
Jos 2:11b Rahab Matt. 1:5; Heb. 11:31; vv. 1-21: James 2:25
Chapter 1 of Joshua concerns the taking of the land, which typifies the gaining of Christ, and ch. 2 concerns the gaining of the proper persons to bring forth Christ that Christ might be spread and increased (John 3:30). God provided Joshua for the gaining of the land, and He provided a Gentile female, Rahab the harlot, for the spreading of Christ. Rahab was a condemned Canaanite qualified to be destroyed, but she became one of the main ancestors of Christ. By turning to God and His people and by marrying Salmon (Matt. 1:5a), the son of a leader of Judah, a leading tribe of Israel (1 Chron. 2:10-11), and probably one of the two spies, she became associated with Christ in His incarnation for the fulfillment of God’s eternal economy. This is a strong sign that the history recorded in Joshua is in line with God’s eternal economy concerning Christ. See note 51 in Matt. 1.
Jos 2:4a took Heb. 11:31
Jos 2:81 the
Lit., they.
Jos 2:9a melt Exo. 15:15; Josh. 2:11, 24
Jos 2:10a dried Exo. 14:21; Josh. 4:23
Jos 2:10b Sihon Num. 21:23-26; Psa. 135:11; 136:19
Jos 2:10c Og Num. 21:33-35; Psa. 136:20
Jos 2:101 utterly
Lit., devoted, i.e., to destruction. So throughout the book.
Jos 2:11a melted Exo. 15:15; Josh. 2:9; 5:1; 7:5; 2 Sam. 17:10; Isa. 13:7; Ezek. 21:7
Jos 2:111 He
Rahab believed in the God of Israel (vv. 8-11; Heb. 11:31a) because of the good news that she had heard concerning Him (cf. Rom. 10:17). She turned to Israel and their God, and she trusted in Him and His people (vv. 12-13). Her receiving, hiding, and delivering the spies were acts that issued out of her faith (vv. 1b-6, 15-16; James 2:25).
Jos 2:11b God Deut. 4:39
Jos 2:12a father’s Josh. 2:18
Jos 2:141 for
Lit., instead of yours for death. The expression is spoken as an oath (cf. v. 17).
Jos 2:15a let cf. 1 Sam. 19:12; Acts 9:25; 2 Cor. 11:33
Jos 2:181a scarlet Exo. 26:1; Lev. 14:4
The line of scarlet thread typifies the blood of Christ, by which the believers are redeemed (1 Pet. 1:18-19), and its being displayed in the open typifies an open confession of the redeeming blood of Christ. Rahab made such an open confession and believed that by this sign she and her household would be delivered. This sign for the salvation of Rahab and her household (6:17, 22-23, 25) indicates God’s household salvation to the Gentile sinners. Whereas God’s salvation is for the individual believer, the complete unit of His salvation is the household (Acts 16:30-31 and note 311).
Jos 2:18b father’s Josh. 2:12; 6:25
Jos 2:19a blood Ezek. 33:4-5; Acts 18:6
Jos 2:21a scarlet Josh. 2:18
Jos 2:241 Jehovah
The report of the spies was a right word in faith, yet Israel still needed to take the land by faith in God, sacrificing themselves for God’s interest that they might share in what God had gained for the accomplishing of His eternal economy. Cf. note 111 in Num. 14.
Jos 2:24a hand Exo. 23:31; Deut. 7:24; Josh. 6:2; 8:1; 21:44; Neh. 9:24
Jos 3:31a Ark Josh. 3:11; Num. 10:33
The Ark was a type of Christ as the embodiment of the Triune God (see note 101 in Exo. 25). When the Ark of God went with the children of Israel, the Triune God went with them, taking the lead and thus being the first to step into the water. That the Ark was on the shoulders of the priests indicates that, in type, the priests who bore the Ark became one entity with the Triune God. They and God were one corporate person—a corporate God-man. God walked in their walking, and they walked in God’s walking. This picture shows that the move of God for the carrying out of His economy is through Christ’s move together with His bearing priests (cf. Acts 13:1-3; 16:6-10).
Jos 3:3b bearing Deut. 31:9, 25; Josh. 3:8, 13-15, 17; 4:10, 18
Jos 3:4a Do cf. Exo. 19:12
Jos 3:5a Sanctify Exo. 19:10, 14; Lev. 20:7; Num. 11:18; Josh. 7:13; 1 Sam. 16:5; Joel 2:16
Jos 3:7a magnify Josh. 4:14; 1 Chron. 29:25; 2 Chron. 1:1
Jos 3:7b with Deut. 31:23; Josh. 1:5
Jos 3:10a living Deut. 5:26; 1 Sam. 17:26; 2 Kings 19:4
Jos 3:10b dispossess Exo. 34:24; Deut. 7:1; Josh. 23:9; 24:18; Psa. 44:2; Acts 7:45
Jos 3:11a Lord Josh. 3:13; Micah 4:13; Zech. 4:14; 6:5
Jos 3:11b crossing cf. Deut. 9:3
Jos 3:131 stand
This was the first miracle performed for Israel as they entered the good land. Such a miracle surely was a sign to the children of Israel that their God was real, true, living, and active.
Jos 3:13a heap Exo. 15:8; Psa. 78:13
Jos 3:15a Jordan Josh. 4:9; Matt. 3:6; Psa. 114:3, 5
Jos 3:15b overflowed 1 Chron. 12:15; Josh. 4:18
Jos 3:161 Arabah
I.e., the plain that runs from the north of the Dead Sea south to the Gulf of Aqaba.
Jos 3:162 Salt
I.e., the Dead Sea. So also throughout the book.
Jos 3:163 crossed
Israel’s crossing the river Jordan typifies not the believers’ physical death but the believers’ experience of the death of Christ, in which their old man is terminated and buried (Rom. 6:3-6; Gal. 2:20). Israel’s entering into the good land after crossing the Jordan typifies not the believers’ going to heaven after they die but the believers’ experience of taking over the heavenlies, where Satan and his power of darkness are (see notes 12 in Num. 21 and 124 in Eph. 6). Israel’s crossing the Jordan and entering the good land are related to Israel’s possessing and enjoying the good land, which typifies the believers’ practical experience of the riches of the blessings in Christ as revealed in the book of Ephesians. See note 62 in Matt. 3.
Jos 3:17a dry Josh. 4:22; cf. Exo. 14:29
Jos 4:1a crossed Deut. 27:2; Josh. 3:17
Jos 4:2a twelve Josh. 3:12
Jos 4:31 twelve
The twelve stones taken from the Jordan signify the twelve tribes of the new Israel. The stones’ being raised up from the waters of the Jordan signifies resurrection from death. These twelve stones were a sign, showing that the “resurrected” new Israel would be a testimony of the crossing of the death water (vv. 6-7, 21-24). This typifies the believers’ experiencing with Christ the resurrection from death (Rom. 6:3-4).
Jos 4:3a stones Josh. 4:8, 20; 1 Kings 18:31
Jos 4:6a children Josh. 4:21; cf. Exo. 12:26; 13:14
Jos 4:7a cut Josh. 3:13, 16
Jos 4:7b memorial Exo. 12:14; Num. 16:40
Jos 4:91 twelve
[ par. 1 2 ]
Jos 4:91 [1] These were another twelve stones (cf. v. 3), signifying the twelve tribes of Israel in their old life and in their old nature. Joshua erected these twelve stones in the middle of the Jordan where the Ark was, signifying that the Lord wanted Israel in their old nature to remain under the death water of the Jordan. This typifies that the old man of the believers should remain in the death of Christ (Rom. 6:6; Gal. 2:20; Phil. 3:10).
Jos 4:91 [2] The two sets of twelve stones signify that our old man has been buried and our resurrected new man is living and working with the Triune God as one. This corresponds with the revelation in Eph. 2:1, 4-6, 15, 10.
Jos 4:12a battle Num. 32:25-27; Josh. 6:7, 9, 13
Jos 4:131 war
The crossing of the river Jordan was for war against the seven tribes in Canaan (vv. 12-13; 3:10b). The people of Israel were ready to enter into the good land and to take it as their possession. However, in their old man they could not gain the victory. Their old man had to be buried so that they could become a new man. This corresponds to the New Testament economy of God. In type, the children of Israel were buried in the death of Christ and then were resurrected in the resurrection of Christ to become a new man in Christ for the fighting of the spiritual warfare. This indicates that even in the Old Testament time the children of Israel were identified with Christ.
Jos 4:18a over Josh. 3:15
Jos 4:201 erected
This was for a memorial, testifying of Israel’s crossing the Jordan by Jehovah’s miraculous deed (vv. 20-24).
Jos 4:22a dry Josh. 3:17
Jos 4:23a dried cf. Exo. 14:21; Josh. 2:10; Neh. 9:11
Jos 5:11 Canaanites
See note 11 in Num. 21.
Jos 5:12 they
Some MSS read, we.
Jos 5:1a melted Josh. 2:11; Exo. 15:15
Jos 5:21 circumcise
[ par. 1 2 ]
Jos 5:21 [1] The purpose of circumcision was to make God’s chosen people a new people for the inheriting of God’s promised land (cf. Gen. 17:7-12). The circumcising of the new Israel typifies the circumcision of Christ, by His death, applied to the believers in the putting off of the body of the flesh that they may inherit Christ in resurrection as the portion allotted to them by God (Col. 2:11-12; 1:12).
Jos 5:21 [2] Spiritual circumcision is a continuation of the burial in the death of Christ. Through the crossing of the river Jordan, the old Israel was buried and a new Israel came forth. This was an objective work done by God. Israel still needed to apply this work to their flesh. Their being circumcised was their practical application of what God had done in the crossing of the river Jordan. In the New Testament spiritual circumcision is the constant application of Christ’s death to our flesh (Phil. 3:3; Col. 2:11 and notes). Although in fact we have been baptized into the death of Christ and have been buried and raised with Him (Rom. 6:3-4), in practicality we still must apply the circumcision of the cross to our flesh by the Spirit day by day (Rom. 8:13; Gal. 5:24). This is the reality and practicality of remaining in the death and burial of Christ. See notes 242 in Gal. 5 and 132 in Rom. 8.
Jos 5:4a wilderness Num. 14:29; 26:64-65; 1 Cor. 10:5; Heb. 3:17
Jos 5:51 the
Lit., they.
Jos 5:6a forty Num. 14:33; Deut. 1:3; 2:7; 8:2, 4; Psa. 95:10
Jos 5:6b swore Num. 14:23; Psa. 95:11; Heb. 3:11
Jos 5:9a reproach Gen. 34:14
Jos 5:91 Gilgal
Meaning a rolling.
Jos 5:101a Passover Deut. 16:1; 2 Kings 23:21-23
The Feast of the Passover was held to remember Jehovah’s redeeming of Israel from the death-judgment on their firstborn sons (Exo. 12:3-7, 11-14) and also Jehovah’s saving of Israel from Egypt and from the tyranny of Pharaoh (Exo. 14:13-30). The keeping of the Passover indicated that just as Jehovah had saved Israel from Pharaoh and Egypt, so He would destroy the tribes of Canaan and deliver Israel from them. Israel’s keeping of the Passover typifies the believers’ keeping of the Lord’s table to remember the Lord as their Redeemer and their Savior (Matt. 26:26-28).
Jos 5:10b fourteenth Exo. 12:6; Num. 9:5
Jos 5:121a manna Exo. 16:35
[ par. 1 2 ]
Jos 5:121 [1] The ceasing of the manna when the people began to eat the produce of the land indicates that the produce of the land was the continuation of the manna. The manna eaten by Israel in their wandering in the wilderness (Exo. 16) typifies Christ as the heavenly food given directly by God to His chosen people, which requires no labor on the part of the eaters. The rich produce of the promised land given by God to Israel in their fighting in Canaan (Deut. 8:7-10) typifies Christ as the consummated life supply (the life-giving Spirit—Gal. 3:14) given to the believers, which requires them to labor on Him. As portrayed in the typology here, after possessing Christ as the land, we need to labor on Him to produce something of Him that will become our food, our supply. As we eat Christ and enjoy Him as the produce of the good land, we are constituted with Him, being made the same as Christ in life, nature, and expression (Phil. 1:19-21a). Ultimately, our enjoying of Christ as our inheritance, our possession, will constitute us to be God’s inheritance, God’s treasure and possession (Eph. 1:11-14, 18b; cf. Exo. 19:5).
Jos 5:121 [2] In Egypt, by their eating Egyptian food (signifying worldly things), the children of Israel were constituted to be a worldly people. In their experience of God’s salvation Israel passed through three stages in their eating. In the first stage they ate the passover lamb in Egypt (Exo. 12), which strengthened them to walk out of Egypt and to be separated from the Egyptian world. In the second stage they ate the manna in the wilderness (Exo. 16), which reconstituted them with a heavenly element to be a heavenly people. In the third stage they ate the rich produce in the good land, which constituted them further to be an overcoming people. By enjoying the riches of the good land, Israel conquered the tribes in the land, established the kingdom of God, and built up the temple as God’s dwelling place on earth. The three stages in Israel’s eating typify the three stages of the believers’ enjoyment of Christ by eating Him (John 6:51-57; 1 Cor. 5:7-8; 10:3-4; Phil. 1:19). By their eating in the first two stages the believers are energized to leave the world and are constituted with Christ as the heavenly element. To reach the goal of God’s economy, all Christ’s believers need to progress until they enter into the highest stage of eating Christ as the rich produce of the good land, the all-inclusive Spirit, that they may overcome the spiritual enemies, be built up to be God’s dwelling place, and establish God’s kingdom on earth.
Jos 5:131 man
This vision was an unveiling to Joshua of Christ as the Captain of Jehovah’s army (v. 14). Whereas Joshua was the visible captain of Jehovah’s army, Christ was the invisible Captain. Christ was such a captain to fight against the seven tribes of Canaan for Israel. Because of this, Joshua needed to stand on the position of sanctification (holiness) all the time (v. 15). See note 23 in Rom. 1.
Jos 5:13a sword Num. 22:23, 31
Jos 5:14a Captain Exo. 23:20-22
Jos 5:15a Remove Exo. 3:5; Acts 7:33
Jos 5:15b holy 2 Pet. 1:18
Jos 6:11 shut
The shutting up of Jericho, with no traffic, no coming in or going out, signifies that the powers of darkness, the spiritual forces of evil in the heavenlies, were bound (Matt. 12:29; Eph. 6:12). See note 231, par. 1, in Exo. 23.
Jos 6:2a hand Josh. 2:24
Jos 6:3a circle Heb. 11:30
Jos 6:4a trumpets Josh. 6:6, 8, 13, 16, 20; Lev. 25:9; Judg. 7:16
Jos 6:61 Ark
God’s people did not need to do anything to destroy Jericho. They only needed to believe and trust in God, to listen to the instruction from the Captain of the army of Israel, and to exalt Christ by bearing the Ark. The bearing of the Ark here by the priests shows that in the spiritual warfare the first thing we should do is exalt Christ.
Jos 6:101 You
Here to remain silent until the command was given to shout means to carry out the matter in the Lord’s way without expressing any thought, opinion, or feeling.
Jos 6:14a circled Heb. 11:30
Jos 6:18a devoted Josh. 7:11-12; 1 Chron. 2:7
Jos 6:18b trouble Josh. 7:25; 1 Chron. 2:7
Jos 6:201 trumpet
The victory over Jericho in Israel’s first battle after crossing the Jordan was won not by Israel’s fighting but by their blowing the trumpets and shouting, signifying the testifying and proclaiming of God with Christ (the Ark) through faith in God’s word of instruction (vv. 2-5). These were the vital factors that enabled them to win the victory.
Jos 6:20a wall Josh. 6:5; Heb. 11:30
Jos 6:21a destroyed cf. Deut. 7:2
Jos 6:22b swore Josh. 2:12-14
Jos 6:231a Rahab Matt. 1:5; Heb. 11:31; James 2:25
See notes 11, 111 and 181 in ch. 2.
Jos 6:24a burned Deut. 7:24; 13:16; Josh. 8:1; Neh. 9:24
Jos 6:25a house Luke 19:9; Acts 16:15, 31; 18:8
Jos 6:261 Cursed
This word was fulfilled with Hiel in 1 Kings 16:34.
Jos 6:26a Jericho cf. 1 Kings 16:34; Mark 10:46; Luke 10:30
Jos 7:1a devoted Josh. 22:20; 1 Chron. 2:7
Jos 7:21b spy cf. Josh. 2:1
In the destroying of Jericho, no fighting was needed. But at Ai, because Israel had lost the presence of the Lord (v. 12c), Joshua sent out spies for fighting. Because of their foolishness, pride, and blindness, they despised their enemy (v. 3).
Jos 7:31 Not
The report of the spies to Joshua indicates that Israel had set God aside. Instead of asking God what they should do against Ai, they forgot God and knew only themselves. Israel acted on their own, without seeking the Lord’s direction and without having the Lord’s presence. Israel was separated from God because of their sin (vv. 11-12).
Jos 7:32 the
Lit., they.
Jos 7:41a fled Lev. 26:17; Deut. 28:25
The secret of Israel’s defeat at Ai was that they had lost God’s presence and were no longer one with God. After this defeat Joshua learned the lesson of staying with the Lord before the Ark (v. 6a). Eventually, the Lord came in to speak to him and to tell him what to do (vv. 10-15). The spiritual lesson to be learned from this account is that we, the people of God, should always be one with our God, who is not only among us but also in us, making us men with God—God-men. As God-men, we should practice being one with the Lord, walking with Him, living with Him, and having our entire being with Him (Rom. 8:4; 2 Cor. 2:10; Gal. 5:16, 25). This is the way to walk as a Christian, to fight as a child of God, and to build up the Body of Christ. If we have the Lord’s presence, we have wisdom, insight, foresight, and the inner knowledge concerning things. The Lord’s presence is everything to us.
Jos 7:5a melted Deut. 1:28; Josh. 14:8; cf. Josh. 2:9
Jos 7:6a before Exo. 40:5; 1 Kings 3:15
Jos 7:111 Israel
Although this sin was committed by an individual, Achan (v. 20), it affected the entire body of God’s people. Because of this sin God stayed away from Israel, withdrawing His presence from them (v. 12c). This was the reason that Joshua and all the children of Israel became foolish, proud, and blind in attacking Ai.
Jos 7:11a devoted Josh. 6:17-18; 7:15
Jos 7:12a stand Judg. 2:14
Jos 7:14a near cf. 1 Sam. 10:20
Jos 7:161 taken
Israel found out the man who committed the sin (vv. 16-18) by the Urim and the Thummim on the high priest’s breastplate of judgment (Exo. 28:30 and notes).
Jos 7:19a give 1 Sam. 6:5; Jer. 13:16; John 9:24
Jos 7:191 make
Or, give praise.
Jos 7:211a Shinar Gen. 10:10; Dan. 1:2
The area later called Babylon (Dan. 1:1-2).
Jos 7:231 the
Lit., them.
Jos 7:24a Achan Josh. 22:20
Jos 7:25a troubled Josh. 6:18; 1 Chron. 2:7
Jos 7:25b stones cf. Lev. 20:2; 24:14; Deut. 13:10; 17:5
Jos 7:26a turned Deut. 13:17
Jos 7:261 Achor
Meaning trouble (cf. v. 25).
Jos 8:1b hand Josh. 2:24
Jos 8:2a did Josh. 6:21
Jos 8:2b spoil Deut. 20:14; Josh. 8:27
Jos 8:9a Bethel Gen. 12:8; 28:19
Jos 8:14a ambush cf. Judg. 20:29-43
Jos 8:16a drawn cf. Judg. 20:31
Jos 8:18a Stretch Josh. 8:26; cf. Exo. 17:11
Jos 8:20a smoke cf. Judg. 20:40
Jos 8:28a heap Deut. 13:16
Jos 8:29a corpse Deut. 21:23; Josh. 10:27
Jos 8:30a Ebal Deut. 11:29; 27:4
Jos 8:31a an Deut. 27:5-7
Jos 8:32a wrote Deut. 27:3
Jos 8:33a carried Deut. 31:9, 25
Jos 8:33b Gerizim Deut. 11:29; 27:12; John 4:20
Jos 8:33c Ebal Deut. 27:13
Jos 8:34a words cf. Deut. 28:2-68; 27:14-26; 30:19
Jos 9:1a all Josh. 10:3-5; 11:1-5; 12:7-24
Jos 9:3a Gibeon Josh. 10:2, 10, 12; 2 Sam. 21:1-2; 1 Kings 3:4-5; 9:2
Jos 9:3b Jericho Josh. 6:21, 24
Jos 9:3c Ai Josh. 8:26, 28
Jos 9:6a Gilgal Josh. 5:10
Jos 9:6b covenant cf. Exo. 23:32; Deut. 7:2; Judg. 2:2
Jos 9:9a far Deut. 20:15
Jos 9:9b have Josh. 2:10
Jos 9:10a Sihon Num. 21:21-25
Jos 9:141 but
The children of Israel were deceived by the Gibeonites because they were like a wife who forgot her husband. What they did here was exactly the same as what Eve did in Gen. 3 (see note 21 there). As God’s wife (Isa. 54:5; 62:5; John 3:29; 2 Cor. 11:2; Eph. 5:23-32; Rev. 21:9-10), God’s people should co-live with Him, always relying on Him and being one with Him. This is the intrinsic significance of this chapter. See notes 31 and 41 in ch. 7.
Jos 9:14a ask Num. 27:21
Jos 9:15a peace Josh. 11:19
Jos 9:17a Gibeon cf. Josh. 18:25-28
Jos 9:21a woodcutters Josh. 9:23, 27; Deut. 29:11
Jos 9:23a house Gen. 28:22; Josh. 9:23; Judg. 18:31
Jos 9:27a place Deut. 12:5
Jos 10:11 And
When Israel was ready to take possession of Canaan, the land was filled with demon-possessed people, idol worshippers, and Nephilim (see note 331 in Num. 13). Israel’s fighting against the inhabitants of the land portrays the invisible spiritual warfare that is taking place behind the visible scene on earth (Dan. 10:10-21; Eph. 6:10-20). In addition to war on earth, there is a war between God and Satan in the air. Christ is our good land (see note 71 in Deut. 8), and God wants us to gain Christ (Phil. 3:8), but there is a layer of Satan’s aerial forces between us and the good land. If we would take possession of Christ for our enjoyment, it is not adequate for us to be spiritual and holy. We must be today’s Joshua and Caleb, fighting against and defeating the satanic forces so that we can gain more of Christ for the building up of the Body of Christ, setting up and spreading the kingdom of God so that Christ can come back to inherit the earth.
Jos 10:1a Ai Josh. 8:22, 26-29
Jos 10:1b Jericho Josh. 6:21, 24
Jos 10:1c peace Josh. 9:15
Jos 10:6a Gilgal Josh. 5:10; 9:6
Jos 10:8a hand Josh. 2:24
Jos 10:11a hailstones cf. Psa. 18:12-13; Isa. 30:30; Rev. 16:21
Jos 10:13a sun Hab. 3:11; cf. Isa. 38:8; 2 Kings 20:11
Jos 10:13b Jashar 2 Sam. 1:18
Jos 10:14a fought Exo. 14:14; Deut. 1:30; Josh. 10:42; 23:3, 10
Jos 10:16a hid cf. Rev. 6:15
Jos 10:24a feet Psa. 8:6; 91:13; Rom. 16:20; 1 Cor. 15:25, 27; Eph. 1:22; Heb. 2:8
Jos 10:26a hung Josh. 8:29
Jos 10:28a utterly Josh. 6:21
Jos 10:33a Gezer Josh. 16:10; Judg. 1:29; 1 Kings 9:15-16
Jos 10:36a Hebron Josh. 14:13-15; 15:13; Judg. 1:20
Jos 10:40a utterly Deut. 20:16-17; Josh. 11:11
Jos 10:42a fought Josh. 10:14
Jos 10:43a Gilgal Josh. 10:15
Jos 11:11 Madon
The Septuagint reads, Merom (cf. vv. 5, 7).
Jos 11:4a sand Gen. 22:17; 32:12; Judg. 7:12; 1 Sam. 13:5
Jos 11:6a deliver Exo. 23:31; Judg. 4:7; 7:7; 1 Kings 20:28
Jos 11:6b chariots Deut. 20:1; Josh. 17:16, 18; Judg. 1:19; 4:3; cf. Psa. 20:7
Jos 11:11a burned Deut. 13:16; Josh. 8:28
Jos 11:14a struck Deut. 7:2
Jos 11:16a hill Josh. 12:8
Jos 11:19a Gibeon Josh. 9:3
Jos 11:201 of
This indicates that the destruction of the thirty-one kings of the thirty-one nations was according to God’s intention. Cf. Exo. 9:12 and note.
Jos 11:20a harden cf. Exo. 4:21
Jos 11:20b destroyed Deut. 20:16-17
Jos 11:211a Anakim Num. 13:22; Deut. 1:28; Josh. 15:13-14
See Num. 13:33 and note.
Jos 11:22a Gath 1 Sam. 17:4
Jos 11:23a land cf. Num. 34:2-12
Jos 11:23b rest Josh. 14:15; 23:1; Judg. 3:11
Jos 12:1a Arnon Num. 21:13, 24; Deut. 3:8-9
Jos 12:2a Sihon Num. 21:21-26; Deut. 2:32-33; 3:6
Jos 12:3a Arabah Deut. 3:17
Jos 12:4a Og Num. 21:33-35; Deut. 3:10
Jos 12:41 Rephaim
A race of giants (Deut. 3:11).
Jos 12:61 this
Lit., it. So also in v. 7.
Jos 12:6a Reubenites Num. 32:29; Deut. 3:12; Josh. 13:8
Jos 12:7a tribes Josh. 11:23; 18:10
Jos 12:10a Jerusalem Josh. 10:23
Jos 12:12a Gezer Josh. 10:33
Jos 12:13a Debir Josh. 10:38-39
Jos 12:15a Libnah Josh. 10:29-30
Jos 12:181 Lasharon
Or, Sharon.
Jos 12:19a Hazor Josh. 11:1, 10
Jos 12:21a Megiddo Josh. 17:11
Jos 13:1a old Josh. 23:1; cf. Josh. 14:10
Jos 13:4a Amorites Judg. 1:34-36
Jos 13:6a drive Exo. 23:30-31; cf. Josh. 23:13; Judg. 2:21-23
Jos 13:61b allot Josh. 23:4
God commanded Joshua to allot even the land that had not yet been possessed, because in God’s eyes all the land was for Israel.
Jos 13:71 divide
Chapters 13—22 provide the detailed way to possess and enjoy the land, which is a type of the all-inclusive Christ (see note 71 in Deut. 8). The intrinsic significance of the allotment of the land is that the possessors of the land are different from each other. This indicates that the experience of Christ, who is the reality of the good land (Col. 1:12), among God’s people is not the same. Because the tribes were different, in His wisdom God allotted the different tribes particular portions of the land according to what they were (Gen. 49:3-28 and notes). The fulfillment of the type of the allotment of the land is seen in the fact that all the believers in Christ possess the same Christ, but they experience the one Christ in different ways according to what they are (Rom. 12:3-4; Eph. 4:7). Cf. notes 141 in Lev. 1 and 12 in Lev. 3.
Jos 13:7a nine Josh. 14:1-2
Jos 13:81 the
Lit., him the Reubenites…
Jos 13:8a Reubenites Num. 32:33; Deut. 3:12; Josh. 12:6
Jos 13:9a Aroer Deut. 2:36; Josh. 13:16
Jos 13:12a struck Num. 21:24, 35
Jos 13:14a inheritance Num. 18:20-24; Josh. 13:33; 14:3-4
Jos 13:141 offerings
See notes 91, 211, and 281 in Num. 18.
Jos 13:16a Aroer Josh. 13:9; Deut. 2:36
Jos 13:21a struck Num. 31:8
Jos 13:26a Mahanaim Gen. 32:2; 2 Sam. 2:8, 12; 17:24
Jos 13:301a tent cf. Num. 32:41; Deut. 3:14; 1 Chron. 2:23
Or, Havvoth-jair (cf. Num. 32:41).
Jos 13:33a inheritance Num. 18:20-24; Deut. 10:9; 18:1-2; Josh. 13:14; 14:3-4; 18:7
Jos 13:331 Jehovah
See note 201 in Num. 18.
Jos 14:1a inheritances Psa. 78:55; Acts 13:19; 7:45
Jos 14:1b Eleazar Num. 34:17; Josh. 17:4; 19:51; 21:1
Jos 14:21a lot Num. 26:56; 34:13
The way the good land was divided among the different tribes was by casting lots. In this book the word lot is used in the sense of casting lots (18:6, 8, 10). The outcome of the casting of lots was according to what God had foreordained. For example, according to God’s ordination, Jerusalem and the surrounding district were for Judah (15:63), out of whom Christ would come (Micah 5:2; Heb. 7:14). Nevertheless, this still had to be realized by the casting of lots. God’s ordaining hand was present in the casting of lots to direct the result (Prov. 16:33). Thus, the dividing of the land did not depend on Joshua or on the high priest but only on God. As a result, there was no ground for the tribes to complain about the portion of the land allotted to them. The way of allotting the land was fair, and it caused everyone to be subdued.
Jos 14:3a two Josh. 13:8
Jos 14:3b Levites Josh. 13:14, 33
Jos 14:4a cities Num. 35:3; Josh. 21:2
Jos 14:6a Caleb Num. 32:12; 14:6
Jos 14:6b word Num. 14:24, 30; Deut. 1:36, 38
Jos 14:7a returned Num. 13:26
Jos 14:8a melt Deut. 1:28; cf. Num. 13:31-33
Jos 14:8b followed Num. 14:24; Deut. 1:36
Jos 14:9a trodden Deut. 11:24; Josh. 1:3
Jos 14:11a strong cf. Deut. 34:7
Jos 14:121a Anakim Num. 13:28, 33
See Num. 13:33 and note.
Jos 14:131a Hebron Josh. 10:36-37; 15:13; 21:11-12; Judg. 1:20; 1 Chron. 6:55-56
Meaning fellowship, communion, or friendship.
Jos 15:1a And vv. 1-4: Num. 34:3-5
Jos 15:5a border vv. 5-9: cf. Josh. 18:15-19
Jos 15:81 Valley
Or, the valley of the son of Hinnom; Heb. Ge-ben-hinnom. It is also called the Valley of Hinnom (in this verse; 18:16; Neh. 11:30), which in Hebrew is Ge-hinnom. Gehenna in the New Testament corresponds to it (Matt. 5:22 and note 8).
Jos 15:8a Jebusite Josh. 18:28; 15:63; Judg. 19:10; 1 Chron. 11:4
Jos 15:10a Beth-shemesh 1 Sam. 6:9, 12
Jos 15:10b Timnah Josh. 15:57; cf. Gen. 38:12-14; Judg. 14:1
Jos 15:11a Ekron Josh. 13:3; 19:43; 1 Sam. 5:10
Jos 15:13a Caleb Josh. 14:13, 15
Jos 15:131 Anak
See Num. 13:33 and note.
Jos 15:14a Anak Josh. 11:21
Jos 15:15a And vv. 15-19: Judg. 1:11-15
Jos 15:17a Othniel Judg. 3:9-11
Jos 15:28a Beer-sheba Gen. 21:31; 26:23, 33
Jos 15:31a Ziklag 1 Sam. 27:6; 30:1
Jos 15:33a Eshtaol Judg. 13:25
Jos 15:451 towns
Lit., daughters. So also twice in v. 47, and in 17:11, 16.
Jos 15:54a Hebron Gen. 13:18; 23:2; Josh. 14:15; 15:13; 2 Sam. 2:11; 5:5
Jos 15:55a Maon 1 Sam. 23:24-25; 25:2
Jos 15:62a En-gedi 1 Sam. 23:29; 24:1; S.S. 1:14
Jos 15:63a Jebusites Josh. 11:3; 15:8; Judg. 1:21; 2 Sam. 5:6
Jos 15:63b dispossess Josh. 17:12
Jos 16:1a from Josh. 18:12-13
Jos 16:1b Jericho Josh. 6:26; Luke 10:30
Jos 16:2a Bethel Gen. 28:19; Josh. 18:13; Judg. 1:23, 26
Jos 16:6a On vv. 6-8: Josh. 17:7-9
Jos 16:10a Yet Judg. 1:29; 1 Kings 9:16; Josh. 10:33
Jos 16:10b forced Deut. 20:11; Josh. 17:12-13; 1 Kings 9:21
Jos 17:1a firstborn Gen. 41:51; 48:14
Jos 17:1b Machir Gen. 50:23; Num. 26:29; 32:39, 40; 1 Chron. 7:14
Jos 17:2a families cf. Num. 26:29-32
Jos 17:3a Zelophehad Num. 26:33; 27:1; 36:2, 10-11
Jos 17:31 daughters
For vv. 3-4, see notes in Num. 27:1-11.
Jos 17:4a Eleazar Num. 34:17; Josh. 14:1; 21:1
Jos 17:4b inheritance Num. 27:6-8; 36:2
Jos 17:5a land Josh. 13:30-31
Jos 17:7a And vv. 7-9: Josh. 16:6-8
Jos 17:12a Yet vv. 12-13: Judg. 1:27-28; cf. Josh. 15:63
Jos 17:13a forced Josh. 16:10
Jos 17:14a portion cf. Gen. 48:22; Josh. 17:17
Jos 17:16a chariots Josh. 11:6
Jos 18:1a Shiloh Josh. 19:51; 21:2; 22:9, 12; Judg. 18:31; 21:19; 1 Sam. 1:3, 24; 3:21; 4:3; 14:3; Psa. 78:60; Jer. 7:12, 14; 26:6, 9
Jos 18:1b Tent Exo. 29:10; Acts 7:45
Jos 18:61 cast
See note 21 in ch. 14.
Jos 18:7a Levites Josh. 13:33
Jos 18:7b Gad Josh. 13:8
Jos 18:10a lots Josh. 14:2; Num. 26:54-55; Psa. 105:11; Ezek. 47:22; Acts 13:19
Jos 18:12a And vv. 12-13: Josh. 16:1-3, 5
Jos 18:13a Bethel Gen. 28:19
Jos 18:15a The vv. 15-19: Josh. 15:5-9
Jos 18:161 Valley
See note 81 in ch. 15.
Jos 18:16a Valley Josh. 18:16
Jos 18:21a Jericho Josh. 16:1; 2:1; Luke 10:30
Jos 18:22a Bethel Josh. 18:13; 1 Kings 12:29, 32
Jos 18:28a Jebusite Josh. 15:8
Jos 18:281 Jerusalem
Jerusalem was located in the land of Benjamin but was inherited by the children of Judah (15:63).
Jos 19:1a midst Josh. 19:9; Gen. 49:7
Jos 19:2a And vv. 2-8: 1 Chron. 4:28-33
Jos 19:10a Zebulun Matt. 4:13
Jos 19:22a Tabor Judg. 4:6
Jos 19:26a Carmel 1 Kings 18:19-20, 42; 2 Kings 2:25; 4:25; S.S. 7:5; Isa. 33:9; Jer. 50:19; Amos 1:2; Micah 7:14
Jos 19:28a Sidon Josh. 11:8; Judg. 1:31
Jos 19:29a Tyre 2 Sam. 5:11
Jos 19:32a Naphtali Matt. 4:13
Jos 19:36a Hazor Josh. 11:1
Jos 19:41a Zorah Josh. 15:33
Jos 19:461a Japho 2 Chron. 2:16; Ezra 3:7; Jonah 1:3; Acts 9:36
The same place as Joppa (Acts 10:5).
Jos 19:47a children cf. Judg. 1:34; 18:1-2
Jos 19:471 Leshem
I.e., Laish of Judg. 18:29, at the extreme north of the good land.
Jos 19:50a Timnath-serah Josh. 24:30; cf. Judg. 2:9
Jos 19:51a Eleazar Num. 34:17; Josh. 14:1
Jos 19:51b Shiloh Josh. 18:1
Jos 20:21a cities Exo. 21:13; Num. 35:6, 11-14; Deut. 4:41-43; 19:2-9
See note 61 in Num. 35.
Jos 20:3a avenger Num. 35:19
Jos 20:6a he Num. 35:12, 24-25
Jos 20:7a hill Josh. 21:11; Luke 1:39
Jos 21:1a Eleazar Num. 34:17; Josh. 14:1; 17:4; 19:51
Jos 21:2a Shiloh Josh. 18:1
Jos 21:2b pasture Num. 35:2; Josh. 14:4
Jos 21:4a children Josh. 21:9-19; 1 Chron. 6:54-60
Jos 21:5a rest Josh. 21:20-26; 1 Chron. 6:61, 66-70
Jos 21:6a children Josh. 21:27-33; 1 Chron. 6:62, 71-76
Jos 21:7a children Josh. 21:34-40; 1 Chron. 6:63, 77-81
Jos 21:10a And vv. 10-19: 1 Chron. 6:54-60; Josh. 21:4
Jos 21:11a hill Josh. 20:7; Luke 1:39
Jos 21:20a And vv. 20-26: 1 Chron. 6:61, 66-70; Josh. 21:5
Jos 21:27a And vv. 27-33: 1 Chron. 6:71-76; Josh. 21:6
Jos 21:34a And vv. 34-39: 1 Chron. 6:77-81; Josh. 21:7
Jos 21:361 And
Verses 36-37 are not found in some MSS.
Jos 21:41a forty-eight Num. 35:7
Jos 21:43a sworn Gen. 13:15; 26:3; 28:13
Jos 21:44a stand Deut. 7:24; Josh. 1:5; 10:8; 23:9
Jos 22:2a commanded Num. 32:20-22; Deut. 3:18-20; Josh. 1:13
Jos 22:4a rest Josh. 1:13; Deut. 3:20
Jos 22:41 turn
After Reuben, Gad, and the half-tribe of Manasseh had fought along with their brothers, they were qualified to return to their land to enjoy their inheritance. This indicates that we cannot enjoy Christ without the Body. We must be one with the Body in order to share the inheritance of Christ (1 Cor. 12:13; Eph. 3:6).
Jos 22:4b across Josh. 1:15; 13:8
Jos 22:5a love Deut. 6:5; 10:12; 11:1, 22
Jos 22:8a divide Num. 31:27; 1 Sam. 30:24
Jos 22:9a Shiloh Josh. 18:1
Jos 22:101 altar
In God’s economy, among God’s people there was to be only one altar, in Jerusalem. All God’s people had to go there to offer their sacrifices to God for their worship and fellowship with God (Deut. 12:5-8). The record at the end of this chapter concerning the building of another altar at the Jordan by the two and a half tribes indicates that in the enjoyment of Christ division must be avoided to the uttermost. To enjoy the all-inclusive Christ as the good land, we must be one people, one Body, one universal church to testify for Christ. See note 51 in Deut. 12.
Jos 22:12a gathered cf. Judg. 20:1
Jos 22:13a Phinehas Exo. 6:25; Num. 25:7, 11-13; Judg. 20:28
Jos 22:14a leader Num. 1:4, 16
Jos 22:16a altar cf. Lev. 17:8-9; Deut. 12:13-14
Jos 22:17a Peor cf. Num. 23:28; 25:3
Jos 22:19a where Josh. 18:1
Jos 22:20a Achan Josh. 7:18-26
Jos 22:22a knows 1 Kings 8:39; Psa. 94:11
Jos 22:24a children cf. Josh. 4:6, 21
Jos 22:27a witness Gen. 31:48; Josh. 22:34; 24:27
Jos 22:27b before Deut. 12:5-7, 17-18
Jos 22:31a midst Lev. 26:11-12
Jos 22:34a witness Josh. 22:27
Jos 23:1a rest Josh. 21:44; 2 Sam. 7:1
Jos 23:1b old Josh. 13:1
Jos 23:2a called Josh. 24:1; cf. Deut. 31:28; 1 Chron. 28:1
Jos 23:3a seen cf. Exo. 19:4; Deut. 29:2
Jos 23:3b fought Exo. 14:14; Josh. 10:14, 42; 23:10
Jos 23:4a allotted Josh. 13:7
Jos 23:5a thrust Deut. 11:23; Josh. 13:6; Exo. 23:30; 33:2; 34:11
Jos 23:5b possess Num. 33:53
Jos 23:7a mention Exo. 23:13
Jos 23:8a cling Deut. 10:20; 11:22; 13:4; Josh. 22:5
Jos 23:9a dispossessed Josh. 3:10; 23:5; 24:18; Acts 7:45
Jos 23:10a chases Lev. 26:8; Deut. 32:30
Jos 23:10b fights Josh. 23:3
Jos 23:111 love
See note 62 in Exo. 20.
Jos 23:12a marry Deut. 7:3; Ezra 9:2; Exo. 34:16; Neh. 10:30; cf. 2 Cor. 6:14
Jos 23:13a dispossess Judg. 2:3, 21
Jos 23:14a going 1 Kings 2:2
Jos 23:14b failed Josh. 21:45
Jos 23:15a evil cf. Lev. 26:14-39; Deut. 28:15-68
Jos 23:16a perish Deut. 7:4; 11:17; 28:20
Jos 24:21 River
I.e., the Euphrates. So throughout this chapter.
Jos 24:2a Terah Gen. 11:27-32
Jos 24:3a Abraham Gen. 12:1-14; Neh. 9:7; Acts 7:2-3
Jos 24:4a Jacob Gen. 25:24-26
Jos 24:4b Mount Gen. 36:8; Deut. 2:4-5
Jos 24:4c Egypt Gen. 46:2-7; Acts 7:15
Jos 24:5a sent Micah 6:4; Exo. 3:10
Jos 24:5b plagued Exo. 7:1–13:1; Psa. 105:27-36
Jos 24:5c brought Exo. 12:51; Acts 13:17
Jos 24:7a cried Exo. 14:10
Jos 24:7b darkness Exo. 14:20
Jos 24:7c covered Exo. 14:27-28
Jos 24:7d wilderness Josh. 5:6
Jos 24:8a land Num. 21:21-35
Jos 24:9a Balak Num. 22:4; Judg. 11:25
Jos 24:9b Balaam Num. 22:5; Deut. 23:4
Jos 24:10a blessed Num. 23:9-11, 20-24; 24:5-10
Jos 24:11a crossed Josh. 3:14, 17; 4:10-13
Jos 24:11b Jericho Josh. 6:1; 10:1
Jos 24:12a hornet Exo. 23:28; Deut. 7:20
Jos 24:12b sword Psa. 44:3, 6
Jos 24:13a build Deut. 6:10-11
Jos 24:14a serve Deut. 10:12; 1 Sam. 12:24
Jos 24:15a if cf. 1 Kings 18:21
Jos 24:15b as cf. Gen. 18:19
Jos 24:17a slave Exo. 13:3, 14; Deut. 7:8; 13:5; Judg. 6:8; Micah 6:4
Jos 24:18a drove Josh. 3:10; 23:9; Acts 7:45
Jos 24:19a holy Lev. 19:2; 1 Sam. 6:20
Jos 24:19b jealous Exo. 20:5; 34:14; Deut. 4:24; Nahum 1:2
Jos 24:23a put Josh. 24:14; Judg. 10:16; 1 Sam. 7:3
Jos 24:25a covenant 2 Kings 11:17; 2 Chron. 23:16; Neh. 9:38
Jos 24:26a wrote Deut. 31:24
Jos 24:26b stone cf. Gen. 28:18; Josh. 4:3; Judg. 9:6
Jos 24:27a witness Gen. 31:48; Deut. 31:19, 26; Josh. 22:27-28, 34
Jos 24:29a And vv. 29-30: Judg. 2:8-9
Jos 24:31a And Judg. 2:7
Jos 24:32a bones Gen. 50:25; Exo. 13:19
Jos 24:32b bought Gen. 33:19; Acts 7:16
Jos 24:321 it
Lit., they.
Jos 24:32c inheritance John 4:5
Jos 24:33a Eleazar Num. 20:26; Josh. 14:1
Jos 24:331 the
Or, Gibeah.